There is a growing body of research that shows an increasing incidence of human papillomavirus-associated cancer in the area of the oropharynx. This area includes the middle portion of the throat, including the tonsils and base of the tongue.
What Causes Oral Cancer?
Although the primary risk factors for head and neck cancers remain tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption, HPV infection is now associated with some 10,000 cases of oropharyngeal cancer diagnosed each year in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In April 2012, the CDC reported that oropharaygeal cancer is the second most diagnosed of cancers associated with HPV. HPV is commonly transmitted through sexual contact.
Not all types of HPV cause cancer, but 40 known strains of HPV can be transmitted through sexual contact.
According the the CDC, cancers of the head and neck are mostly caused by tobacco and alcohol, but recent studies show that 60-70 percent of the cancers of the oropharynx may be linked to HPV. Many of these may be caused by a combination of tobacco, alcohol and HPV.
HPV Vaccines Being Studied for Oral Cancer
In its statement on Human Papillomavirus and Squamous Cell Cancers of the oropharynx, the ADA Council on Scientific Affairs noted that the FDA approved two HPV vaccines of the prevention of HPV-associated cancers of the cervical, vulvar, vaginal and anal mucosa; however, the vaccines may also be effective in the prevention of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers. More studies are needed to determine if vaccination aids in the prevention of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers. The ADA will continue to provide guidance to the dental profession and public about HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer.
Early Detection of Oral Cancer is Key
Regular dental checkups that include an examination of the entire head and neck can be beneficial in identifying cancerous and pre-cancerous signs and symptoms. Our office performs routine oral cancer screening for our patients at every exam. We also offer the advanced oral cancer Vizilite screening (recommended once a year).
Talk to your dentist or physician of you experience any of these symptoms:
-persistent sore throat
-difficulty swallowing
-hoarseness
-ear pain
You might also like:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Oropharyngeal Cancer – Fact Sheet (CDC)
